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Ontology

Definition A formal specification of concepts, categories, and the relationships between them within a domain, providing a shared vocabulary that machines can reason over. Ontologies are the structured knowledge layer beneath knowledge graphs.

In Depth

In AI and the Semantic Web, ontologies are expressed in languages like OWL and RDF. A medical ontology might define that "myocardial infarction" is a subtype of "cardiovascular event" and shares relationships with specific symptoms, treatments, and diagnostic codes. LLMs can leverage ontologies to constrain outputs to valid domain concepts and improve consistency in structured information extraction.

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